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Enforcing gender stereotypes in the shoe department

colorful sneaker (©minimil/iStockphoto)

©minimil/iStockphoto

Picking out a pair of boots shouldn’t have to be a painful lesson in gender identity.  This year we haven’t even needed them a whole lot. But every time we go through the ritual of picking out snow boots or any kind of shoes, gender issues raise their ugly head.

Most of us are taught about gender from birth. The first question most people ask when a new baby is born is whether it is a boy or a girl. This information is so important to the identity of the child that everyone seems to inquire about this designation first and foremost in order to form an idea of who the newborn is.

What we expect in terms of gender-conforming behavior is also established early on by our culture. Distinct gender roles and expectations are supposed to provide a needed structure for our society by establishing commonly understood ways of functioning and interacting with one another. This is also consistent with the way we understand that preschoolers process information—by placing things (and people) into distinct categories that are already familiar to them.

Children’s clothing distributors and toy manufacturers aren’t alone in reinforcing this gender distinction of male/female. Children are regularly told to line up as boys or girls at school, must choose public toileting facilities based upon whether they are male or female, and are frequently given treated differently based upon their perceived gender.

This has been a continuous struggle for me as a parent raising children as open-minded Unitarian Universalists, and I am not alone. Constantly having to counteract the messages of our culture, which communicates behavior expectations and binary gender conformity, can be exhausting.

This particular year it was even more blatant than usual. Although my son was immediately drawn to a pair of boots in his shoe size and reached to pull out the box, the sales clerk announced, “Those are for girls,” and quickly showed him where the boots for boys were.

“I think those boots are just fine, for girls or boys,” I countered immediately, but it was too late. My son is nine, and as such is already quite familiar with what is marketed for boys and what is marketed for girls. He also wouldn’t want to be caught dead at school wearing what other kids might think was too feminine for a boy to wear.

On the flip side, my teenage daughter is tall, and as such has large feet. Often too large to find women’s shoes in her size at many department stores. So we look at the boots in the men’s section and try to find a pair that doesn’t look like she’s working on a construction site.

I realize that stores don’t carry many women’s shoes or boots in her size because they don’t sell many of them, but why must so many of the snow boots marketed for men look like they accompany hard hats?  Surely some men might like to find something sleek and a little shiny and still keep their feet warm? Why do we even have to make distinctions such as boots for men and boots for women? Why not just categorize them into different styles, such as boots for those who work outdoors, those who want something a little fancy, and those who are looking for something basic, perhaps in neutral colors?

With the upcoming arrival of spring, our ritual will continue as we search for school casuals for constantly growing feet—and in all likelihood, my frustration will continue. Until we can function in a society that does not hold binary views of gender conformity and preference, people who are transgender or even simply gender non-conforming will have to educate others on their preferences and their needs. After all, picking out a pair of shoes for your kids shouldn’t have to be an experience that challenges your personal values—even though so often it is.

Gender stereotypes and raising UU kids

Sexuality is so much more than just sex. It’s also the roles, behaviors, and values that people associate with the characteristics of being either male or female. For this reason, sexuality can be considered a basic part of our physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual lives. It is evident in the clothes we choose to wear, the activities we choose to engage in, the ways we show affection to others, and the persons we are sexually drawn toward. It is the identity we internalize and the image which we project to the world.

The most challenging aspect for Unitarian Universalist parents who see healthy sexuality as a social justice issue can be overcoming perpetuated stereotypes of male and female gender roles. Regardless of how parents raise their children, once a child enters school, the stereotypes of appearance and behavior expectations take hold. While these gender and sexual stereotypes arise primarily because of the brain’s developmental tendency to categorize people as well as things in order to better understand them, these rigid ideas may be reinforced by other children, adults, even teachers at school.

Many a Unitarian Universalist parent who has tried their best to raise a gender-aware and gender-neutral child has been horrified when their son announces at the store, “those toys are for girls, they are all pink.” Or a five-year-old girl announces matter-of-factly, “I can’t play basketball. Basketball is for boys.” Understanding that these ideas are often developed naturally or absorbed from others and are not generally intended to cause harm, we can refocus our children’s thinking with the intention of counteracting the larger forces that perpetuate such images.

In many of these instances, the children may be focusing upon “rules” of behavior that they have either overheard or developed themselves based upon personal experience. Perhaps the boy who linked the color pink with girls has noticed that all his sister’s toys seem to come in pink packaging, and perhaps the girl knows only boys who play basketball.

To stretch their understanding of how these rules are not necessarily true, a parent can take the boy down the aisle of “girl” toys and see if there is anything he might be interested in playing with. Point out how marketers have made the toys pink because they think more girls than boys will be interested in these toys, but explain that girls and boys aren’t limited to playing to with certain kinds of toys. And for the girl who doesn’t know that girls can play basketball, take her to a women’s basketball game at a local university or high school, or watch the WNBA on television so that she can see that girls and, indeed, women play basketball, too.

Young adolescents will continue to absorb societal expectations of what is considered gender appropriate behaviour, and many boys and girls will experience increased pressure to conform to stereotypical gender roles. Middle school–age boys in particular may experience extreme pressure at school or among peers to adhere to sex-role expectations in their choice of toys, clothing, hairstyles, activities, hobbies, or sports. Some girls will cave to this intense pressure and will avoid academic achievement in the hopes of being more attractive to boys, or over-emphasize their physical appearance by wearing excess makeup, clothing, and hairstyles that make them look like the sexual objects they see as images in music videos, on television, and on the Internet.

For those children whose gender identity does not match their biology, or children who are gender non-conforming in general, this can be disheartening and may be the beginning of a lifetime of reconciling who they think they really are with the appearance they present to the world. Supportive parents can continue to stress that stereotypes are damaging and that rules for behavior are often inaccurate while underscoring that others do not necessarily perceive this the same way we do, despite the fact that it can be hurtful. Parents can also continue to affirm their child’s choices in clothing and activities, even if they seem to promote a gender identity different from what the child’s appearance presents. Parents can also help their child find a supportive group of friends who accept the gender identity or non-conformity which is an essential part of your child’s identity.

And whenever bullying is part of the picture, it is important not to let it slip by unrecognized or unchecked—whether or not the bullying actually involves violence. Emotional scars can run just as deep, as many now-adults will attest to the trauma they experienced during their adolescence.